Are we speaking the same language? The problem with medical jargon

July 28th, 2010

Today, many families are struggling not only with the cost of and access to health care, but also with the quality of care they receive. A recent article in the Wall Street Journal, “Taking Medical Jargon Out of Doctor Visits”, articulates an incredibly important issue that sometimes gets swept under the rug in the talk about cost and quality of care: patient health literacy.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about nine out of 10 adults find it hard to follow routine medical advice, mostly because they don’t understand what their care providers are saying. The complex instructions and jargon that doctors use make patients more likely to skip necessary medical tests or not take their medication as prescribed. This confusion leads to poorer health outcomes and increased health care costs currently estimated at $238 billion a year.

There is a common assumption that lack of health literacy is limited to racial and ethnic minority populations. While these populations are disproportionately affected by low health literacy, according to a report from the National Patient Safety Foundation, Low Health Literacy: Implications for National Health Policy, the majority of people with low health literacy skills are white. Older people, recent immigrants and those with chronic conditions are likely to have low health literacy, as well.

Of particular note from the WSJ article is the federal strategy around health literacy entitled the National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy. The plan seeks to engage organizations, professionals, policymakers, communities, individuals, and families in a linked, multi-sector effort to improve health literacy

We are headed in the right direction. However, there is still a fundamental need for greater change in the health care system – particularly in the areas of how care is delivered and paid for – if we are truly to achieve better access to quality, affordable care.

As our population grows older and larger, the impact on the health outcomes of patients and the costs to the health care system will only increase. These problems are compounded by the lack of care coordination for those with multiple chronic illnesses. People with multiple chronic diseases have increased interaction with the health care system, leading to more opportunities for confusion surrounding their medical care – which is in turn influenced by the number of doctors they see and what they hear from their doctors.

An older person with five or more chronic conditions (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, obesity), has an average of 37 doctor visits, 14 different doctors, and 50 separate prescriptions each year. How incredibly confusing would it be for that person to manage his or her own health? Older adults and their caregivers should be full partners in their care, and they should be provided with the information and support to manage their conditions so they can make informed health care decisions.

With the advent of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), the Campaign for Better Care, led by the National Partnership for Women and Families, Community Catalyst and the National Health Law Program, is working to ensure the needs of older adults and their families are highlighted and addressed.

Helping patients and providers communicate effectively with each other will be a crucial component to the quality of care that patients receive. The Campaign’s national consumer coalition has developed a “Yardstick” for Better Care, which identifies key elements of patient-centered practice for inclusion in new models of care

The Campaign for Better Care hosted a public event today in Washington, D.C. – the “Building Better Care” forum – and the forum webcast will be available online Friday. Special guests included Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, award-winning author Gail Sheehy, UCLA Geriatrics Division Chief David Reuben, journalist and activist Jonathan Rauch, HHS Director of Delivery System Reform Peter Lee, and more.

To learn more about these issues and how the Campaign is tackling them please visit www.campaingforbettercare.org.

– Jenelle Holder Williams, Field Director, Integrated Care Advocacy Project

Cross-Catalyst Post: New generics: A shot in the arm for state Medicaid programs?

July 15th, 2010

On our PostScript blog today, we posted about a Harvard study published in this month’s Health Affairs that looked at generic drugs and the potential benefit they can provide in savings to cash-strapped Medicaid programs. The researchers conclude that if pharmacists are allowed to switch patients from a brand name drug to a generic, savings abound for tight Medicaid budgets. While generics are completely safe and chemically equivalent to the brand name drugs, pharmaceutical marketing often has patients convinced that brand name equals better. Not so. Here’s an excerpt:

“While all states have adopted generic substitution laws, the extent to which pharmacists or patients can influence the medications they choose differs from state to state.  The Harvard researchers found that states that did not require patient consent to switch prescriptions from Zocor to the clinically equivalent, less costly simvastatin saved $15.35 per prescription on these medications in the first quarter after patent expiration.  If all states had adopted such policies, Medicaid programs could have saved $19.8 million nationwide on the introduction of simvastatin.

“While patients should be empowered to participate in their own health decisions, this study demonstrates that requiring patient consent for generic substitution impedes patients from initially choosing generics even when they will eventually prefer them to the brand name.”

Read the rest of the post on how generic prescriptions can save money with out sacrificing quality on PostScript.

– Joy Lee, policy intern

Cross Post: A deeper look at health reform’s individual responsibility requirement

July 15th, 2010

Community Catalyst recently worked with our partner, Georgetown University’s Center for Children and Families, to create a document answering prevalent questions about how the new mandate for insurance coverage will affect families. Here’s an excerpt from the Center for Children and Families’ blog post on the resource:

“With all of the controversy and rhetoric surrounding the requirement, it seemed a good time to take an objective, detailed look at how it will actually work.

“Plus, even though it doesn’t go into effect until 2014, we wanted to write about the individual responsibility requirement because it is the foundation on which much of health reform rests.  It allows the country to move forward with popular insurance reforms, such as the ban on excluding people from coverage if they are sick, and plays a major role in expanding coverage.”

Read the rest of the post that cites some of the themes that arose while working on the Q&A at “Say Ahhh! A Children’s Health Policy Blog,” or read the resource on our website.

– Katherine Howitt, policy analyst

Consumer Assistance: What makes health reform go

July 12th, 2010

It’s no secret that the passage of the Affordable Care Act means lots of new opportunities for health care coverage and access – and that most Americans are confused about what the law actually means for them.  Here at Community Catalyst, we have seen health reform as an opportunity to improve consumers’ ability to get clear information in lay terms from trusted sources to help them understand their health care options.  And consumer assistance programs (CAPs) are a critical way to make this happen.

The Affordable Care Act included $30 million in 2010 to fund state ombudsman offices and CAPs (Section 1002).  The grant guidelines for those funds are slated to come out in the next few weeks, and the grants will likely go to states, who will decide how to best use the funds.

While we’re not quite sure how the guidelines will read or play out in implementation, we have  some core criteria we think are necessary to providing consumers accurate, understandable information and helping them navigate the new world of health care.

1.     Be truly independent.  Consumers should be able to trust that the information and enrollment assistance they get is unbiased – not informed by state budget problems or politics.  Especially as 20 states’ attorneys general actively oppose health reform, consumer assistance programs should ensure there’s a wall between state and political issues and helping consumers.
2.    States need to do more than they already do.  Many states are currently overwhelmed and understaffed because of budget woes.  Consumer assistance programs need to be separate and robust from current activities in state Administrations – and actually have the capacity to provide necessary help, navigation and information.
3.    Meet the needs of the community.  Consumer assistance needs to be culturally and linguistically competent, and provided by people who understand working with vulnerable populations.  A well-trained staff should be trusted by members of the community, including people at different levels of income and insurance options (from Medicaid to private insurance).
4.    Allow for feedback to policymakers.  A critical reason for consumer assistance is the ability to get real-time, on-the-ground information about what’s working and what’s not.  Regular feedback to state and local policymakers can help improve health reform implementation
5.    Ensure every state has a consumer assistance program.  Even if a state does not set up a program, the federal government should be able to contract directly with an organization to carry out these important duties.

Based on these elements, we think that the best option for CAPs in most states is often non-profit community advocacy organizations.  Examples like Health Care for All Massachusetts’s Helpline, New York’s Community Health Advocates, and Health Assist Tennessee have shown us that strong consumer assistance programs can mean the difference between a failed attempt and successful reforms. The Helpline in Massachusetts saw their call volume increase from 500 to 4000 per month after the passage of that state’s health reforms in 2006.  People call with questions from enrollment assistance to help with paperwork to navigating the health system.
We hope that the grant guidelines will explicitly permit states to contract or partner with community organizations to provide consumer assistance.  We have seen these models work, and know that they are trusted sources of health care information for communities and families looking for help in understanding a system that’s about to get bigger and more complex.

– Christine Barber, senior policy analyst

Case study shows community health workers improve primary care and enrollment

July 9th, 2010

Policy changes in two states to expand and strengthen the workforce of community health workers provide a model for other states as they implement the Affordable Care Act, says a new case study, “Community Health Workers: Part of the Solution,” in the July Issue of Health Affairs (free abstract—subscription required). Coauthored by Community Catalyst’s Director of Health Equity Lisa Renee Holderby, who previously headed the Massachusetts Association of Community Health Workers, the paper looks at how Minnesota and Massachusetts turned to community health workers to address shortages in the health care workforce and improve enrollment and primary care.

The case studies found that policy changes that supported the use of community health workers (CHWs), who provide patients peer-to-peer assistance managing their health and navigating the health care system, helped increase enrollment and quality of care in their communities. The Institute of Medicine has recommended that CHWs be included in care teams to help improve the health of underserved communities.

“As members of the community,” the authors write, “these front-line workers are valued for their cultural competence and mediate between providers and other members of diverse communities. Evidence is accumulating that including community health workers in determining the appropriate use of services has a sizable positive return on investment.”

So what policy changes do the authors want to see in other states? First, sustainable funding for CHWs to participate in the system – including reimbursement by public programs like Medicaid, Medicare and CHIP. And they suggest states establish workforce education programs and occupational standards to train and credential CHWs like other health care workers. The authors also propose that states establish some uniform guidelines they can use to chart and evaluate CHWs and their participation in the health care workforce – something that is going to be happening in many corners of the health care system as part of the Affordable Care Act.

“Community health workers can be vital to efforts to restructure the delivery of primary health care. The patient-centered medical home has been described as providing ‘accessible, comprehensive, family-centered, coordinated, compassionate and culturally effective care.’ Although the workforce required for the medical home model has not been fully defined, close ties to the community and cultural competence are essential. Additionally, a successful medical home will require continuity of communication between provider and patient.

“Community health workers are uniquely qualified to meet these responsibilities and to complement other members of the health care delivery team. These workers’ valuable capacity to increase patient engagement will be important to consider in evaluations of quality improvement.”

“Community Health Workers: Part of the Solution” is part of a special issue of Health Affairs on the implementation on health care reform, and the whole thing’s worth a read (caveat: subscription required.)

–Kate Petersen, Health Policy Hub

Websites like wine: healthcare.gov good now, getting better

July 2nd, 2010

HealthCare.gov: Take health care into your own hands  Learn MoreThe web portal Healthcare.gov (@healthcaregov for all you twitterheads out there) went live, launching ahead of its July 1 deadline by hours Wednesday night. HHS deserves props for this site: not only was it delivered ahead of schedule, but it’s spiffy-looking, easy to use, and full of important info to help people get covered.

The website is what it says – a door through which consumers can check out what private insurance plans are available to them, depending on their age, state, current coverage, and health conditions.  There’s also information about public programs, like Medicaid, and how reforms in the new law affect people soon – such as the small business tax credit, high-risk pools for people with pre-existing conditions, and the ability of young people to join or stay on their parents’ plan till age 26.

If you haven’t checked it out yet, you should. We did a walk-through ourselves yesterday and were impressed by the clear, appealing design, the plain-language navigation to help consumers find out what their options are and, oh yeah, all that information.

In October, a more in-depth version will launch, and will include rates, coverage exclusions and other pricing information—a level of detail we think is critical for consumers looking for insurance options. To our mind, the more information, the better. And we’d like to see the portal move toward standard benefit descriptions that help people make “apples-to-apples” comparisons.

Other things we’d like to see on Healthcare.gov?  We think the website should include all private insurance products, such Medicare Advantage and Medigap plans. Right now, it doesn’t.

And it would be great instead of just describing and giving contact info or redirects to public programs, like state Medicaid agencies, if someone visiting the website could determine whether they were eligible and if so, enroll online.  Downloading an application, printing it out, finding out where to submit it, and getting there is often too many steps in a process that could be moved online. A report by the Urban Institute in January showed that there are 9.8 million uninsured individuals who are eligible for but not enrolled in Medicaid, and a one-stop online enrollment platform on the portal makes a lot of sense to help those people get health care coverage.

We’re glad to see that patient protections in the new law – what the administration’s calling the “patient bill of rights” – are prominent and spelled out clearly on the site.  In the future, we’d like healthcare.gov to point to consumer assistance programs, too, especially non-profit ones, which have a great track record of helping people navigate the system, determine eligibility, and enroll.

And for consumers with medical bills, we also want to make sure that the portal makes hospital financial assistance policies available, prominent, and easily searchable on healthcare.gov. We’re encouraged that there seems to be placeholder language about free and reduced care where more specific policy information will go in the future

Certainly there is room to refine and build. But this is day two. And improvements are already underway. In fact, a banner stretched across the top of every page says “Health care is getting better. So is HealthCare.gov. Help us improve by adding your comments”—this thing is a work in progress. But it’s also a work of progress, one we’ve proudly bookmarked.

–Kate Petersen, Health Policy Hub

“Show me” gender equity!

June 30th, 2010

Missouri is trying to remain true to its slogan, the “Show Me State,” by helping lead the charge in anti-health reform legislation prohibiting abortion services for health insurance obtained through the exchange – (the term used for the health care insurance marketplace instituted by national health reform).  Yet it certainly leaves one wondering…show me what?

Now sitting on Governor’s desk is a bill that strips the state exchange of offering any kind of abortion coverage to consumers– even through an optional rider.  Similar to the flurry of anti-reform constitutional amendments being adopted across many states, this legislation is based on a model developed by the Americans United for Life (AUL), a non-profit law and policy group.  The model, entitled “The Federal Abortion-Mandate Opt-Out Act,” is in the pipeline in almost 30 states, according to AUL.  Thus far, Mississippi, Arizona, Tennessee and Louisiana have passed the prohibition measure – the measure was vetoed in Oklahoma and Florida.

Claiming to be founded upon a pro-family platform, AUL aspires to stall the progress of health care reform by barring consumers from some patient services.  Yet eliminating family planning services from exchanges does not promote a family friendly policy environment – but supporting gender equity does.  According to the National Law Center for Women, 17 percent of Missouri women forgo needed care due to their higher cost of health care – these include a broad range of services.  Women in Missouri are, on average, poorer than men and tend to work for small businesses that do not offer health coverage.  This is not only a strain on women and their health but also their families.

Advocates can challenge these flawed attempts to dismantle health reform and propose a broader pro-family agenda by driving home the message of gender equity.   A pro-family message is one that encompasses supporting all women at all times in their lives – daughters, sisters, wives, mothers, and grandmothers alike.  Other states have stepped up to rid their health care systems of inequitable gender rating that charge women as much as 4-48 percent more than men for the same health care policy.

However, these positive steps are not without their critics.  Before Colorado passed its ban on gender rating in the individual market this past spring (in the week following health reform passage), an insurance underwriter commented to the legislature that perhaps “we should ‘blame God’ because men’s parts were on the outside and women’s parts were on the inside.”  State Senator Morgan Carroll responded to his comment by suggesting “perhaps his brain is on the outside.”  Further, Rep. Jim Kerr suggested that women enjoyed shopping and perhaps they should do a better job shopping for health insurance.

The absurdity of the discussion makes you laugh and grimace simultaneously – but the issue remains in play in many states.  Women are often the center of their families, before and after they procreate – a real pro-family policy would be for all to acknowledge their right to a healthy and long life.  So, show me gender equity!

–Eva Marie Stahl, policy consultant

East Room Promises

June 23rd, 2010

baracksigningI was invited to attend an event at the White House yesterday to commemorate the 90th day since President Obama signed health care reform into law, and it was a powerful event that underscored how much the law matters to American families.

Following a private meeting with insurance executives, the President walked into the East Room and was introduced by Amy Wilhite from Ohio.  Amy’s daughter, Taylor, was diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, for which Taylor received three rounds of chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant that produced multiple side effects. Taylor’s father’s insurance plan has a $1 million lifetime limit, and as Taylor approached the limit, the family requested a $500,000 extension.  It was granted.  But Amy said that they still have to pick and choose which tests and follow-ups to go through with, because they don’t want to exceed the cap.  She was very grateful that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) banned lifetime caps and thanked the President for his leadership on the law.  Amy was articulate and her family’s story a powerful one, which moved all of us in the room.

After Amy,  President Obama spoke for about 25 minutes on abusive insurance practices that hurt families, and recent exorbitant rate increases that have captured headlines and prompted state action (such as Massachusetts’ prohibition of rate increases within the Connector).  But acknowledging that the cooperation of insurers is critical to making health reform a go, the President also suggested that he was ready to work with the industry to make the bill work.

The President went on to challenge politicians who are running on a platform of repealing the law–who want to go back to the system we had before. “Would you want to go back to discriminating against children with preexisting conditions?” he asked us. “Would you want to go back to dropping coverage for people when they get sick?”  Would you want to reinstate lifetime limits on benefits so that mothers like Amy have to worry?” The room was quiet.

“We’re not going back,” he said.  “I refuse to go back.”

–Rob Restuccia, executive director

The Insider: All this could be yours someday

June 14th, 2010

Fuzzy logic
As the “tax extenders” bill makes its way through the Senate, a provision to extend COBRA premium subsidies for the unemployed is in jeopardy. Opponents in the Senate and the Blue Dogs in the House who stripped the provision from legislation two weeks ago argue that it’s unfair to help people who are unemployed when other, equally needy people are getting no assistance.

Just stop and think about that for a minute: It’s not like they’re identifying an alternative beneficiary for assistance, or arguing to accelerate implementation of the Affordable Care Act. They are basically saying, “Because we can’t help everybody, we won’t help anybody.” If you apply that reasoning more broadly it leads you to advocate the repeal, or at least the suspension, of Medicare and Medicaid until 2014, when financial assistance to obtain coverage becomes more generally available–a move few Congressmembers would dare consider, even in a non-election year.

With unemployment remaining high, the COBRA premium subsidies in limbo are badly needed. They are good for the economy, the health care system, and mostly for the thousands of struggling families who will be able to retain their coverage. Find out more at Community Catalyst’s implementation headquarters.

Faulkner on health care
When William Faulkner wrote, “The past is never dead. It’s not even past,” he could have been talking about the politics of health care more than a half-century into the future. Congressional Republicans’ challenge of the White House public education campaign on Medicare changes as misuse of government funds for partisan advantage hearkens back to Democrats’ attacks on the Bush administration over the original Medicare Part D roll-out.

And Senators who opposed PPACA seem intent on re-debating the legislation at every opportunity: first, in the context of Don Berwick’s nomination to head CMS, and now in the debate over the Medicare physician payment fix. Republicans have offered an alternative that does more for the physicians but partially pays for it by eliminating desperately-needed financial assistance for state Medicaid programs—while slipping in a “poison pill” that would roll back the individual responsibility provisions in PPACA. Such a move could appeal to many on the left who are concerned that the affordability provisions don’t go far enough.

Someday, all this could be yours
As the “repeal and replace” drumbeat goes on, a third ‘r’ should be added to the sequence: Recycle. Congressional Republicans are recycling ideas from the debate that were shown to fail to reduce the number of uninsured or eliminate insurance discrimination.

But as several states move forward with anti-Affordable Care Act ballot measures, new research from Massachusetts shows just how wrongheaded such opposition is. Until the coverage provisions of the Affordable Care Act kick in in 2014, Massachusetts provides the closest thing we have to a “beta site” for what the health care system of tomorrow will look like. While critics focus on the continuing cost challenges (problems that pre-dated health reform in Massachusetts  and were not really addressed in the landmark law in 2006) new reports published by the Urban Institute and the National Bureau of Economic Research underscore just what other states can gain as they move forward with implementing the law.

Urban’s latest report shows that the coverage gap between racial and ethnic minorities and non-Hispanic whites has been closed—the only place in the country where this is true. Additional findings show:

  • –high rates of coverage in Massachusetts persist despite continued high unemployment
  • –economic barriers to obtaining care remain low and have declined further for some populations since the inception of the law
  • –four years into implementation, there is still no evidence of ‘crowd-out’ of private coverage, and public support for the Massachusetts system remains high.

Get the details here (pdf).

The NBER paper found that since reform in Massachusetts, there have been fewer preventable hospitalizations and emergency room-generated admissions, and length of hospital stays has been reduced, most likely due to improvements in access to ambulatory care.

Sure makes implementation look like a lot better idea than repeal.

–Michael Miller, director of strategic policy

Cross-coast Post: Real Choices

June 10th, 2010

From our friends over at the Health Access Blog comes a great post about a California bill, SB890, that would implement many of the consumer protection pieces of national health reform early, like setting up strong medical loss ratios, so that insurers spend dollars on caring for people, not admin and profits, and creating minimum benefit standards in the private insurance market to help consumers make good comparisons. Here’s an excerpt:

By standardizing the benefits in the insurance market, consumers can make real apples-to-apples comparisons, forcing insurers to compete on price and quality rather than avoiding sick people. It ensures people know the kind of coverage they are buying, and what that plan actually covers. It prevents consumers from finding out too late that what their ailment isn’t covered. It prevents the worst forms of “junk” insurance, where patients are paying premiums and finding little value in return.

Read the rest of the post about how standardizing benefits allows for real choice at the Health Access Blog.

–Kate Petersen, Health Policy Hub